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There’s a new study that claims it really does get better for bullied gay and lesbian teens. The study examined the sentiment of Dan Savage’s famous It Gets Better campaign, where everyone ever in the entire world who had been bullied tried to tell teens that it really does get better after you get out of high school (and for some, college), because chances are, you won’t be bullied after you get out of those sometimes toxic environments. The study is interesting because it examined bullied teenagers over a period of years instead of just examining currently bullied teenagers.
Joseph Robinson, an assistant professor of educational psychology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, studied information from the United Kingdom’s Department of Education collected from 4,135 children who were ages 13 and 14, then again in 2010 when those children were young adults, ages 19 and 20. Robinson said, “I was particularly interested in these data because we don’t have anything like this, I thought, This is the perfect opportunity to see if it does get better.”
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In the study, which questioned lesbian, gay, bisexual and straight youth about being bullied at ages 13 and 14, less than 10% reported being bullied at ages 19 and 20.
Here’s the interesting part. Lesbian and bisexual women were much less likely to be bullied at ages 19 and 20 than gay males. 57% of lesbian and bisexual females and 40% of straight females at ages 13 and 14 reported being bullied, whereas at ages 19 and 20, only 6% of young women reported bullying, regardless of sexuality. On the other hand, 52% of gay and bisexual males ages 13 and 14 reported being bullied compared to 38% of straight males. At ages 19 to 20, only 9% of gay males reported being bullied, versus 2% of straight males.
57% and 52% down to 6% and 9%. Those numbers seem like pretty substantial evidence that it does really get better. There’s no doubt about the fact that high school can be a very toxic environment for queer youth. In a NYMag piece about high school, Jennifer Senior points out,
one of the reasons that high schools may produce such peculiar value systems is precisely because the people there have little in common, except their ages. “These are people in a large box without any clear, predetermined way of sorting out status,” says Robert Faris, a sociologist at UC Davis who’s spent a lot of time studying high-school aggression. “There’s no natural connection between them.” Such a situation, in his view, is likely to reward aggression. Absent established hierarchies and power structures (apart from the privileges that naturally accrue from being an upperclassman), kids create them on their own, and what determines those hierarchies is often the crudest common-¬denominator stuff—looks, nice clothes, prowess in sports—¬rather than the subtleties of personality. “Remember,” says [Robert Crosnoe, a University of Texas sociologist] who spent a year doing research in a 2,200-student high school in Austin, “high schools are big. There has to be some way of sorting people socially. It’d be nice if kids could be captured by all their characteristics. But that’s not realistic.”
What could be the reason gay males reported higher incidents of bullying than lesbian and bisexual women as they got older? It could be because gay males might be avoiding coming out until they are out of high school, and may face initial bullying after they do come out. The study doesn’t address why gay and bisexual males have higher reports of bullying than lesbian and bisexual women, as well as straight males, but Robinson hopes that additional research can start to explain why gay and bisexual men tend to have higher incidents of bullying than women regardless of sexual orientation.
In the second part of the study focusing on emotional stress, Robinson observed that straight youth have lower levels of emotional stress than lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth. At ages 14 to 15 and again at 16 to 17, youth were asked about their feelings of depression. There’s no surprise here – higher rates of bullying experienced by queer youth appear to increase feelings of depression and worthlessness, which seems very reminiscent of the fact that higher rates of stigma and discrimination are related to higher rates of depression, anxiety, and substance abuse in queer adults.
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Other research shows that the more gay-inclusive and gay-friendly schools and communities are, the lower the levels of emotional stress and even bullying in youth. It is even suggested that having gay-straight alliances, anti-bullying policies, and teachers considered to be allies can affect how bullied youth deal with bullying and emotional stress later in life. Again, this will not probably not be real news for anyone.
The main thing that this study overlooks is the evolution of trans* youth and trans* adults. In a study examining harassment and bullying of transgender and gender nonconforming youth on a national level, as many as 76% of a sample size of 1,876 young people reported being verbally abused (and as many as 87% reported being verbally abused in another study). Yet, another survey of 6,436 trans* adults reported that 26% reported being fired for being trans*, 19% had been denied housing, 19% had been refused medical care, and 11% had been evicted because of their gender identity.
Can we truly call this a victory? I’m hesitant to do so. The world is not a magical place once you leave high school. On average, people generally calm the fuck down about fitting in after they get out of high school – and are more likely to face actual consequences for tormenting those who don’t. But we’d be remiss to forget that many LGBTQI people are still bullied in college (myself included). Many LGBTQI people are still being bullied even as adults, but now that we’re adults, we call it discrimination or harassment which feels like some watered down version of being bullied. And as is pretty much always a persistent theme, the discrimination and danger that trans* people face is the gravest – and the most frequently overlooked.
Ultimately, it’s still important to reassure young people that their lives will improve after they escape toxic environments, whether that environment is high school, or college, or the workplace. But that doesn’t relieve anyone of their responsibility to improve those environments and make them safe, or give them a pass to ignore anti-gay or anti-trans bigotry in the real world because it no longer qualifies as bullying. We’re taking the right steps to improve school environments with anti-bullying laws and gay-straight alliances and outspoken ally teachers, but we need to change federal and state laws to include protections for everyone in the LGBTQI community in regards to housing, medical care, and the workplace, or everything we’ve worked so hard to fix will be a temporary fix for a major problem.
This was a really good article, Sarah!
Great article, Sarah. It’s so disheartening that we live in a society that assumes everything’s peachy once Group A is taken care of, forgetting that Groups B – Z are still fucked. Cissexism, folks. Sigh.
Yes! This! Also, I’d like to hear about race and intersectionality in this whole study situation. I wonder if there is any funding out there for that.
At a guess the further away from wealthy and or urban areas you go the worse the harassment gets?
I recently attended a lecture on bullying in the workplace, and (while it had interesting and helpful information) I could tell it wasn’t really resonating with the audience. As someone who was also bullied in college, that was rather frustrating to see, especially since the high school anti-bullying campaigns I’ve seen have been more impactful (although perhaps not terribly efficacious). What are y’alls thoughts about making post-high school anti-bullying campaigns and lectures really speak to people?
I also want to take this opportunity to remind folks: if you see something, say something, even if it seems like the recipient of the off-color comment can handle it. Especially if you happen to be in some position of social power at the moment. The smallest expression of social support may make all the difference.
I get really frustrated sometimes with the insistence that if you’re a “weirdo” in any way in high school, everything gets magically better in college. Yeah, sometimes it does, but I’m guessing that more often than not, it doesn’t.
Having been on the receiving end of workplace bullying (on multiple occasions, unfortunately), thank you. I don’t have many thoughts other than what you’ve said – speaking up works wonders. Also, robust anti-bullying policies on the corporate level that are actually enforced certainly don’t hurt either.
I am extremely skeptical of this research. For one, the apparent lack of intersectional analysis completely erases the experiences of people who are most likely to experience violence. This and the exclusion of trans* and gender non conforming folks aside, “bullying” is such an inadequate and inaccurate word. We’re talking about homophobia and violence here. I am dubious of the claim that it gets better for LGB teens across the board; it may get better, but for whom, and how? I also want to know how it’s possible to make such claims when violence itself often shames survivors into keeping quiet about it. That would distort the research too, no?
Good time to think about interpretations of journal articles. Skeptical is good. Thinking of things the researchers could do as follow-up studies, and places where they might have missed something important, is also important. However,
1) we should draw a distinction between what the popular media reported and what the article actually published. Rarely do they get reported 100% correctly- usually the issue is the media says the article concluded something that it didn’t, because it makes for a nicer headline. (No criticism of Autostraddle! I mean media outlets that pick up these stories first.)
-1a: we don’t actually know that the article “claimed” anything in particular without reading the actual conclusions section of the article (which I’m having trouble finding. Can anyone link it? The real thing, not the popular media one. The accessibility of academic research is an Issue.)
2) the methodology of the study will tell you exactly for whom the actual conclusions of the study apply. They will probably not apply to everyone. This is not *inherently* problematic: if we could design one study that applied to every last person on earth, we’d be in the Age of Aquarius.
-2a: What IS problematic is assuming the study applies to people it doesn’t.
-2b: What is also problematic is repeatedly ignoring minority populations in studies generally, or never investigating a glaring shortcoming of the initial study (the lack of a more fine-grained look into particularly at-risk populations, in this case).
3) When studies use self-reporting, there’s always the chance of dishonesty by study participants. One thing that reduces this factor in this study is the fact that they apparently interviewed the same people several years apart. In theory they could give incorrect answers the second time and not the first, but it’s less likely to be a pattern across the board. This means that the rates of bullying the populations are encountering could be uniformly higher in reality, but would still probably display the same effect of decreasing over time.
TL;DR: Track down exactly where “claims” are coming from: the study itself, the popular media interpretation, or an assumption about the methodology that may or may not be true.
I think there should be more emphasis on the fact that places that are GAY-friendly are not specifically LGBT-friendly in that they could still be bad places for trans* or even bisexual students, or that there is often a difference in how gay male vs. lesbian students are treated.
My school was very gay- and lesbian-friendly, but people – even some of the gay students – were absolutely horrid to the trans* students at my school. Also, there was always a suspicion that the bisexual girls were just “slutty” or pretending to be bi to “impress the boys,” which I’m guessing is part of the reason why I didn’t feel comfortable being out as bi despite being at a supposedly “inclusive” school. But I wouldn’t compare my experiences to the totally awful way that people often treated trans* students.
Even at my college, where there were a lot of gay students and an active GSA and homophobia was seen as socially unacceptable, during my graduation ceremony, when a trans male student accepted his diploma he was met with jeers from some other students of “are you a boy or are you a girl?”
This is so relevant to my thesis, thank you!